Prenatal Nutrition Counseling Designed to Reduce the Intake of Moderate and High Glycemic Index Foods among Selected Normal, Overweight, and Obese Patients from a Nonprofit Faith-based Patient Medical Care Home

Debra T. Gogatz, Regis University

Abstract

Executive Summary Prenatal Nutrition Counseling Designed to Reduce the Intake of Moderate and High Glycemic Index Foods Among Selected Normal, Overweight, and Obese Patients from a Nonprofit Faith-based Patient Medical Care Home Problem Minority and economically disadvantaged clients at a faith based nonprofit patient medical care home were identified as needing dietary counseling in the first trimester of pregnancy. There has existed a preponderance of evidence linking excessive weight g reponderance of evidence linking excessive weight g reponderance of evidence linking excessive weight greponderance of evidence linking excessive weight g reponderance of evidence linking excessive weight greponderance of evidence linking excessive weight greponderance of evidence linking excessive weight greponderance of evidence linking excessive weight g reponderance of evidence linking excessive weight greponderance of evidence linking excessive weight g reponderance of evidence linking excessive weight greponderance of evidence linking excessive weight g reponderance of evidence linking excessive weight g reponderance of evidence linking excessive weight greponderance of evidence linking excessive weight greponderance of evidence linking excessive weight greponderance of evidence linking excessive weight greponderance of evidence linking excessive weight greponderance of evidence linking excessive weight g reponderance of evidence linking excessive weight g reponderance of evidence linking excessive weight g reponderance of evidence linking excessive weight greponderance of evidence linking excessive weight greponderance of evidence linking excessive weight g reponderance of evidence linking excessive weight gain in ain in ain in pregnancy to multiple complications for mother and child with a suggested relationship specific pregnancy to multiple complications for mother and child with a suggested relationship specific pregnancy to multiple complications for mother and child with a suggested relationship specific pregnancy to multiple complications for mother and child with a suggested relationship specific pregnancy to multiple complications for mother and child with a suggested relationship specific pregnancy to multiple complications for mother and child with a suggested relationship specific pregnancy to multiple complications for mother and child with a suggested relationship specific pregnancy to multiple complications for mother and child with a suggested relationship specific pregnancy to multiple complications for mother and child with a suggested relationship specific pregnancy to multiple complications for mother and child with a suggested relationship specific pregnancy to multiple complications for mother and child with a suggested relationship specific pregnancy to multiple complications for mother and child with a suggested relationship specific pregnancy to multiple complications for mother and child with a suggested relationship specific pregnancy to multiple complications for mother and child with a suggested relationship specific pregnancy to multiple complications for mother and child with a suggested relationship specific pregnancy to multiple complications for mother and child with a suggested relationship specific pregnancy to multiple complications for mother and child with a suggested relationship specific pregnancy to multiple complications for mother and child with a suggested relationship specific pregnancy to multiple complications for mother and child with a suggested relationship specific pregnancy to multiple complications for mother and child with a suggested relationship specific pregnancy to multiple complications for mother and child with a suggested relationship specific pregnancy to multiple complications for mother and child with a suggested relationship specific pregnancy to multiple complications for mother and child with a suggested relationship specific pregnancy to multiple complications for mother and child with a suggested relationship specific pregnancy to multiple complications for mother and child with a suggested relationship specific pregnancy to multiple complications for mother and child with a suggested relationship specific pregnancy to multiple complications for mother and child with a suggested relationship specific pregnancy to multiple complications for mother and child with a suggested relationship specific pregnancy to multiple complications for mother and child with a suggested relationship specific pregnancy to multiple complications for mother and child with a suggested relationship specific pregnancy to multiple complications for mother and child with a suggested relationship specific pregnancy to multiple complications for mother and child with a suggested relationship specific to the inflammatory processed initiated within human body related ingestion of to the inflammatory processed initiated within human body related ingestion of to the inflammatory processed initiated within human body related ingestion of to the inflammatory processed initiated within human body related ingestion of to the inflammatory processed initiated within human body related ingestion of to the inflammatory processed initiated within human body related ingestion of to the inflammatory processed initiated within human body related ingestion of to the inflammatory processed initiated within human body related ingestion of to the inflammatory processed initiated within human body related ingestion of to the inflammatory processed initiated within human body related ingestion of to the inflammatory processed initiated within human body related ingestion of to the inflammatory processed initiated within human body related ingestion of to the inflammatory processed initiated within human body related ingestion of to the inflammatory processed initiated within human body related ingestion of to the inflammatory processed initiated within human body related ingestion of to the inflammatory processed initiated within human body related ingestion of to the inflammatory processed initiated within human body related ingestion of to the inflammatory processed initiated within human body related ingestion of to the inflammatory processed initiated within human body related ingestion of to the inflammatory processed initiated within human body related ingestion of to the inflammatory processed initiated within human body related ingestion of to the inflammatory processed initiated within human body related ingestion of to the inflammatory processed initiated within human body related ingestion of to the inflammatory processed initiated within human body related ingestion of to the inflammatory processed initiated within human body related ingestion of excessive calories and foods with a glycemic index (GI) greaterexcessive calories and foods with a glycemic index (GI) greaterexcessive calories and foods with a glycemic index (GI) greaterexcessive calories and foods with a glycemic index (GI) greaterexcessive calories and foods with a glycemic index (GI) greater excessive calories and foods with a glycemic index (GI) greater excessive calories and foods with a glycemic index (GI) greater excessive calories and foods with a glycemic index (GI) greaterexcessive calories and foods with a glycemic index (GI) greater excessive calories and foods with a glycemic index (GI) greater excessive calories and foods with a glycemic index (GI) greaterexcessive calories and foods with a glycemic index (GI) greater excessive calories and foods with a glycemic index (GI) greater excessive calories and foods with a glycemic index (GI) greater excessive calories and foods with a glycemic index (GI) greater excessive calories and foods with a glycemic index (GI) greaterexcessive calories and foods with a glycemic index (GI) greaterexcessive calories and foods with a glycemic index (GI) greaterexcessive calories and foods with a glycemic index (GI) greaterexcessive calories and foods with a glycemic index (GI) greater excessive calories and foods with a glycemic index (GI) greaterexcessive calories and foods with a glycemic index (GI) greater excessive calories and foods with a glycemic index (GI) greaterexcessive calories and foods with a glycemic index (GI) greater excessive calories and foods with a glycemic index (GI) greaterexcessive calories and foods with a glycemic index (GI) greater excessive calories and foods with a glycemic index (GI) greaterexcessive calories and foods with a glycemic index (GI) greaterexcessive calories and foods with a glycemic index (GI) greaterexcessive calories and foods with a glycemic index (GI) greaterexcessive calories and foods with a glycemic index (GI) greater excessive calories and foods with a glycemic index (GI) greater than 50 (Jenkins & Willett, than 50 (Jenkins & Willett, than 50 (Jenkins & Willett, than 50 (Jenkins & Willett, than 50 (Jenkins & Willett, than 50 (Jenkins & Willett, than 50 (Jenkins & Willett, than 50 (Jenkins & Willett, than 50 (Jenkins & Willett, 2013; Marsh & Brand 2013; Marsh & Brand2013; Marsh & Brand 2013; Marsh & Brand2013; Marsh & Brand2013; Marsh & Brand2013; Marsh & Brand2013; Marsh & Brand -Miller, 2008; Moses, Luebake, Coleman, Tapsell, and Petocz, 2006).Miller, 2008; Moses, Luebake, Coleman, Tapsell, and Petocz, 2006). Miller, 2008; Moses, Luebake, Coleman, Tapsell, and Petocz, 2006). Miller, 2008; Moses, Luebake, Coleman, Tapsell, and Petocz, 2006). Miller, 2008; Moses, Luebake, Coleman, Tapsell, and Petocz, 2006). Miller, 2008; Moses, Luebake, Coleman, Tapsell, and Petocz, 2006). Miller, 2008; Moses, Luebake, Coleman, Tapsell, and Petocz, 2006).Miller, 2008; Moses, Luebake, Coleman, Tapsell, and Petocz, 2006). Miller, 2008; Moses, Luebake, Coleman, Tapsell, and Petocz, 2006).Miller, 2008; Moses, Luebake, Coleman, Tapsell, and Petocz, 2006).Miller, 2008; Moses, Luebake, Coleman, Tapsell, and Petocz, 2006). Miller, 2008; Moses, Luebake, Coleman, Tapsell, and Petocz, 2006). Miller, 2008; Moses, Luebake, Coleman, Tapsell, and Petocz, 2006). Miller, 2008; Moses, Luebake, Coleman, Tapsell, and Petocz, 2006). Miller, 2008; Moses, Luebake, Coleman, Tapsell, and Petocz, 2006).Miller, 2008; Moses, Luebake, Coleman, Tapsell, and Petocz, 2006).Miller, 2008; Moses, Luebake, Coleman, Tapsell, and Petocz, 2006). Miller, 2008; Moses, Luebake, Coleman, Tapsell, and Petocz, 2006). Miller, 2008; Moses, Luebake, Coleman, Tapsell, and Petocz, 2006). Miller, 2008; Moses, Luebake, Coleman, Tapsell, and Petocz, 2006).Miller, 2008; Moses, Luebake, Coleman, Tapsell, and Petocz, 2006). Miller, 2008; Moses, Luebake, Coleman, Tapsell, and Petocz, 2006).Miller, 2008; Moses, Luebake, Coleman, Tapsell, and Petocz, 2006). Miller, 2008; Moses, Luebake, Coleman, Tapsell, and Petocz, 2006). Miller, 2008; Moses, Luebake, Coleman, Tapsell, and Petocz, 2006). Minority populations have been disproportionately affected by excessive weight gain during pregnancy. A need for multifaceted research and f need for multifaceted research and fneed for multifaceted research and f need for multifaceted research and f need for multifaceted research and f need for multifaceted research and f need for multifaceted research and fneed for multifaceted research and fneed for multifaceted research and f need for multifaceted research and fneed for multifaceted research and f need for multifaceted research and fneed for multifaceted research and f need for multifaceted research and f need for multifaceted research and f need for multifaceted research and the development of policies and or the development of policies and or the development of policies and or the development of policies and or the development of policies and or the development of policies and or the development of policies and or the development of policies and or the development of policies and or the development of policies and interventions to address maternal weight gain that considered social, economic, political, and interventions to address maternal weight gain that considered social, economic, political, and interventions to address maternal weight gain that considered social, economic, political, and interventions to address maternal weight gain that considered social, economic, political, and interventions to address maternal weight gain that considered social, economic, political, and interventions to address maternal weight gain that considered social, economic, political, and interventions to address maternal weight gain that considered social, economic, political, and interventions to address maternal weight gain that considered social, economic, political, and interventions to address maternal weight gain that considered social, economic, political, and interventions to address maternal weight gain that considered social, economic, political, and interventions to address maternal weight gain that considered social, economic, political, and interventions to address maternal weight gain that considered social, economic, political, and interventions to address maternal weight gain that considered social, economic, political, and interventions to address maternal weight gain that considered social, economic, political, and interventions to address maternal weight gain that considered social, economic, political, and interventions to address maternal weight gain that considered social, economic, political, and interventions to address maternal weight gain that considered social, economic, political, and interventions to address maternal weight gain that considered social, economic, political, and interventions to address maternal weight gain that considered social, economic, political, and interventions to address maternal weight gain that considered social, economic, political, and interventions to address maternal weight gain that considered social, economic, political, and interventions to address maternal weight gain that considered social, economic, political, and interventions to address maternal weight gain that considered social, economic, political, and interventions to address maternal weight gain that considered social, economic, political, and interventions to address maternal weight gain that considered social, economic, political, and interventions to address maternal weight gain that considered social, economic, political, and interventions to address maternal weight gain that considered social, economic, political, and interventions to address maternal weight gain that considered social, economic, political, and interventions to address maternal weight gain that considered social, economic, political, and interventions to address maternal weight gain that considered social, economic, political, and interventions to address maternal weight gain that considered social, economic, political, and interventions to address maternal weight gain that considered social, economic, political, and interventions to address maternal weight gain that considered social, economic, political, and interventions to address maternal weight gain that considered social, economic, political, and interventions to address maternal weight gain that considered social, economic, political, and ethical issues was identified (Fleishman, 2012; Gennaro, 2005; Gordonethical issues was identified (Fleishman, 2012; Gennaro, 2005; Gordon ethical issues was identified (Fleishman, 2012; Gennaro, 2005; Gordonethical issues was identified (Fleishman, 2012; Gennaro, 2005; Gordonethical issues was identified (Fleishman, 2012; Gennaro, 2005; Gordon ethical issues was identified (Fleishman, 2012; Gennaro, 2005; Gordon ethical issues was identified (Fleishman, 2012; Gennaro, 2005; Gordonethical issues was identified (Fleishman, 2012; Gennaro, 2005; Gordon ethical issues was identified (Fleishman, 2012; Gennaro, 2005; Gordonethical issues was identified (Fleishman, 2012; Gennaro, 2005; Gordon ethical issues was identified (Fleishman, 2012; Gennaro, 2005; Gordonethical issues was identified (Fleishman, 2012; Gennaro, 2005; Gordon ethical issues was identified (Fleishman, 2012; Gennaro, 2005; Gordonethical issues was identified (Fleishman, 2012; Gennaro, 2005; Gordon ethical issues was identified (Fleishman, 2012; Gennaro, 2005; Gordonethical issues was identified (Fleishman, 2012; Gennaro, 2005; Gordon ethical issues was identified (Fleishman, 2012; Gennaro, 2005; Gordon ethical issues was identified (Fleishman, 2012; Gennaro, 2005; Gordon ethical issues was identified (Fleishman, 2012; Gennaro, 2005; Gordon -Larsen, Nelson, Page, Larsen, Nelson, Page, Larsen, Nelson, Page, Larsen, Nelson, Page, Larsen, Nelson, Page, Larsen, Nelson, Page, Larsen, Nelson, Page, Larsen, Nelson, Page, Larsen, Nelson, Page, Larsen, Nelson, Page, Larsen, Nelson, Page, Popkin, 2006). Women wanted to leaPopkin, 2006). Women wanted to lea Popkin, 2006). Women wanted to leaPopkin, 2006). Women wanted to lea Popkin, 2006). Women wanted to leaPopkin, 2006). Women wanted to lea rn how to have healthy pregnancies. Nutritional education rn how to have healthy pregnancies. Nutritional education rn how to have healthy pregnancies. Nutritional education rn how to have healthy pregnancies. Nutritional education rn how to have healthy pregnancies. Nutritional education rn how to have healthy pregnancies. Nutritional education rn how to have healthy pregnancies. Nutritional education rn how to have healthy pregnancies. Nutritional education rn how to have healthy pregnancies. Nutritional education rn how to have healthy pregnancies. Nutritional education rn how to have healthy pregnancies. Nutritional education rn how to have healthy pregnancies. Nutritional education rn how to have healthy pregnancies. Nutritional education rn how to have healthy pregnancies. Nutritional education rn how to have healthy pregnancies. Nutritional education rn how to have healthy pregnancies. Nutritional education rn how to have healthy pregnancies. Nutritional education rn how to have healthy pregnancies. Nutritional education rn how to have healthy pregnancies. Nutritional education rn how to have healthy pregnancies. Nutritional education rn how to have healthy pregnancies. Nutritional education rn how to have healthy pregnancies. Nutritional education rn how to have healthy pregnancies. Nutritional education during pregnancy could serve as an impetus for changing behaviors (Healthy People 2020, during pregnancy could serve as an impetus for changing behaviors (Healthy People 2020, during pregnancy could serve as an impetus for changing behaviors (Healthy People 2020, during pregnancy could serve as an impetus for changing behaviors (Healthy People 2020, during pregnancy could serve as an impetus for changing behaviors (Healthy People 2020, during pregnancy could serve as an impetus for changing behaviors (Healthy People 2020, during pregnancy could serve as an impetus for changing behaviors (Healthy People 2020, during pregnancy could serve as an impetus for changing behaviors (Healthy People 2020, during pregnancy could serve as an impetus for changing behaviors (Healthy People 2020, during pregnancy could serve as an impetus for changing behaviors (Healthy People 2020, during pregnancy could serve as an impetus for changing behaviors (Healthy People 2020, during pregnancy could serve as an impetus for changing behaviors (Healthy People 2020, during pregnancy could serve as an impetus for changing behaviors (Healthy People 2020, during pregnancy could serve as an impetus for changing behaviors (Healthy People 2020, during pregnancy could serve as an impetus for changing behaviors (Healthy People 2020, during pregnancy could serve as an impetus for changing behaviors (Healthy People 2020, during pregnancy could serve as an impetus for changing behaviors (Healthy People 2020, during pregnancy could serve as an impetus for changing behaviors (Healthy People 2020, during pregnancy could serve as an impetus for changing behaviors (Healthy People 2020, during pregnancy could serve as an impetus for changing behaviors (Healthy People 2020, during pregnancy could serve as an impetus for changing behaviors (Healthy People 2020, during pregnancy could serve as an impetus for changing behaviors (Healthy People 2020, during pregnancy could serve as an impetus for changing behaviors (Healthy People 2020, during pregnancy could serve as an impetus for changing behaviors (Healthy People 2020, during pregnancy could serve as an impetus for changing behaviors (Healthy People 2020, during pregnancy could serve as an impetus for changing behaviors (Healthy People 2020, during pregnancy could serve as an impetus for changing behaviors (Healthy People 2020, during pregnancy could serve as an impetus for changing behaviors (Healthy People 2020, during pregnancy could serve as an impetus for changing behaviors (Healthy People 2020, during pregnancy could serve as an impetus for changing behaviors (Healthy People 2020, during pregnancy could serve as an impetus for changing behaviors (Healthy People 2020, during pregnancy could serve as an impetus for changing behaviors (Healthy People 2020, during pregnancy could serve as an impetus for changing behaviors (Healthy People 2020, during pregnancy could serve as an impetus for changing behaviors (Healthy People 2020, during pregnancy could serve as an impetus for changing behaviors (Healthy People 2020, during pregnancy could serve as an impetus for changing behaviors (Healthy People 2020, during pregnancy could serve as an impetus for changing behaviors (Healthy People 2020, 2013). 2013). Purpose The purposes of this project were to examine the problem of excessive weight gain during pregnancy and provide an intervention appropriate for the selected patient population. Goals Overall goals were to improve the prenatal health of a selected sample of pregnant women by evaluating their current eating habits and fostering change in those eating habits where indicated and practical to reduce weight gain during pregnancy. Plan Assess the 24 hour dietary intake of selected clients, identify foods with a glycemic index greater than 50, review suggested changes with clients, and reevaluate BMI and weight gain 4 to 8 weeks after the initial intervention. Outcome and Results Participants who completed the intervention experienced no statistically significant change in weight or BMI. Mean weight gain was 0.38 pounds. The control group’s mean weight gain was 0.89 pounds. Statistical findings failed to reject the null hypothesis. Recommendations for further study A study of greater duration and larger sample size may capture additional data regarding the usefulness of the GI tool in weight management for pregnant and non-pregnant clients.